当预算员，这些钢筋知识怎么能不懂！-工程造价-建筑资源吧

旌城造价人 发表于 2017-6-17 19:34:32

当预算员，这些钢筋知识怎么能不懂！

<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.钢筋抽样<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　简单的说，就是计算一个工程项目的钢筋总重量，得出的结果一般是多少吨。而钢筋的重量等于钢筋的长度乘以钢筋的比重，因此，钢筋抽样其实也就是计算钢筋的总长度，不同直径的钢筋的总长度乘以相应的比重就是钢筋的总重量。其实也是一个理论的重量。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.砼保护层<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　砼保护层：结构构件中的钢筋骨架被浇筑于砼中，在钢筋骨架的外围四周必须有砼将钢筋包裹住，主筋外皮与砼面(即构件外表面)之间的距离，就是钢筋的砼保护层厚度。不能小于10mm。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.钢筋种类<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋砼结构配筋按直径大小分钢筋和钢丝两类，直径在6mm以上者称钢筋，5mm以内者称钢丝。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　安生产工艺分：热轧钢筋、余热处理钢筋、冷拉钢筋、冷拔钢筋、冷轧钢筋等多种。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　常用钢筋：(GB50010-2002)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　HPB235(热轧光圆钢筋,一级钢筋)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　HRB335(热轧带肋钢筋，二级钢筋)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　HRB400(热轧带肋钢筋，三级钢筋)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　RRB400 (余热处理钢筋, 三级钢筋)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　标号为540的是四级钢，现行规范已经取消。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.钢筋连接<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　工厂生产出来的钢筋均按一定规格(如9米和12米)的定长尺寸制作的。而实际工程中使用的钢筋均是有长有短，形状各异，因此需要对钢筋进行处理。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　连接的方法有绑扎、焊接(对焊、单面焊、双面焊、电渣压力焊)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　及机械连接(直螺纹连接、锥螺纹连接、套管冷挤压)等<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5.钢筋的搭接长度<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　接头长度：绑扎：Lle或Ll; 单面焊：10d 双面焊：5d<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　其中绑扎长度的计算(或按具体设计取值)：　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋锚固的重要性<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋与混凝土之所以能够可靠地结合，实现共同工作的材料特点，主要一点就是它们之间存在粘结力。很显然，钢筋探入混凝土内的长度愈大，粘结效果越好。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋的锚固长度：指钢筋伸入支座内的长度。其目的是防止钢筋被拔出。不能小于250mm。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　具体锚固长度可在平法图籍中查到或按设计取值。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6、钢筋锚固的重要性<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋与混凝土之所以能够可靠地结合，实现共同工作的材料特点，主要一点就是它们之间存在粘结力。很显然，钢筋探入混凝土内的长度愈大，粘结效果越好。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋的锚固长度：指钢筋伸入支座内的长度。其目的是防止钢筋被拔出。不能小于250mm。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　具体锚固长度可在平法图籍中查到或按设计取值。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7.预算长度与下料长度<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　单根钢筋的预算长度：=钢筋各段长度(包括锚固和搭接长度)+端部弯钩增加值(如果存在弯钩)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　单根钢筋的下料长度：=钢筋各段长度(包括锚固和搭接长度)+端部弯钩增加值(如果存在弯钩)-弯折量度差值(或称为弯曲调整值)。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8.弯曲调整值<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　钢筋受弯曲后，在弯曲处的内皮缩短而外皮伸长，只在中心线处才保持不变的尺寸。实际上对成型好的钢筋一般是量外皮的。因此，下料长度与要根据图上式样的尺寸加以调整。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　在弯曲处，图上画的是直角，但实际操作时做“硬弯”(即成直角)是不可能的，而必须做成“慢弯”(即成弯弧)。弯曲直径(D)的规定：<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">9. 端部弯钩增加值<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　具体计算方法请参考傅钟鹏的<<钢筋工手册>><p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　当弯曲直径为2.5d平直段长度为10d时的弯钩增加值(抗震箍筋):<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　90度:10.5d<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　135度:11.9d<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　180度:13.25d<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10.影响钢筋计算的因素<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　抗震等级(如：影响梁的加密区长度：<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　一级抗震>=2Hb且>=500mm;<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　二级抗震 >=1.5Hb且>=500mm<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　决定抗震等级的三个因素(1.结构类型;2.设防烈度;3.檐高)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　保护层的厚度<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　混凝土标号如C30 (如：影响钢筋的锚固长度，搭接长度<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　搭接形式(影响柱的箍筋根数及纵向钢筋长度)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">11.现行平法规范图籍：<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　平法系列图集<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　•平法概述：<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　平法的表达形式，概括来讲，是把结构构件的尺寸和配筋等，按照平面整体表示方法制图规则，整体直接表达在各类构件的结构平面布置图上，再与标准构造详图相配合，即构成一套新型完整的结构设计。改变了传统的那种将构件从结构平面布置图中索引出来，再逐个绘制钢筋详图的繁琐方法。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　•平法分类：有关柱、墙、梁构件的节点构造<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　03G101-1(现浇混凝土框架、剪力墙、框架剪力墙、框支剪力墙结构)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　03G101-2(平法楼梯构造)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　04G101-3(筏形基础及基础梁构造)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　04G101-4(现浇楼面与屋面板构造)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　11G101-2(现浇混凝土板式楼梯)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　11g101-3(独立基础、条形基础、筏形基础及桩基承台)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　1.什么是框支梁、框支柱?<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　中国人叫框支梁的东西，外国人称之为transfer beam。transfer意为转移，转让。外国人的概念中就是“转换梁”，意指不同结构楼层之间的起转换作用的梁;特指上部为剪力墙结构，下部为框架结构，承托剪力墙的梁;“转换柱”理所当然是承托“转换梁”的柱，这在中国叫框支柱。这是因为，中国的文化太深奥了，需要有高度想象力才能理解，不像美国两百年历史，意思直来直往的。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　2.什么情况下用什么基础?<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　简单的说：<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　①条形基础：上部采用墙承重(较多的用在砖墙)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　②独立基础：上部采用框架结构(柱子)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　③带型(井格式)基础：框架结构+地基条件差(其实就是用条形基础承重柱，在预算中带型基础特指有支模板的混凝土条形基础)<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　④筏板基础：高层建筑或上部荷载较大+所在地基承载力较弱。筏板基础有梁式筏板和板式筏板。其中板式筏板基础就像盘子反扣在地表上承受上部荷载，适宜5-6层建筑<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　⑤桩基础：上部荷载较大，需将其传至深层较坚硬的地基。当由若干桩支撑一个平台，而用平台托住整个建筑时，这个平台就是桩承台。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　⑥箱型基础：高层建筑或上部荷载较大+软弱地基。箱型基础是由底板+顶板+若干纵横墙柱组成，中空部分较大时可以作为地下室<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　3.为什么基础梁的支座负筋是在下部?<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　和框架梁相反，基础梁实际上可以看成倒转过来的框架梁。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">    4.从材料自重表上看：砼自重22-24KN/m3，钢筋砼25KN/m3，钢78.5KN/m3，但为什么你在教科书上会看到这么一句话：“钢结构的优点是比混凝土结构自重轻”呢?<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　实际上要达到相同的强度效果，1吨砼能承受的荷载，约一半的钢结构就可以做到，因此用钢量会少很多。目前，普通的混凝土都是C10-C80的强度(C60以上就是高强度了，外国可以制造出强度高达200Mpa的混凝土)，而钢结构的强度普遍达到200Mpa。另外来说，钢结构抗拉力和抗压力的强度差不多，但是混凝土不一样了，混凝土只适合抗压，几乎不能受拉。<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　5.钢筋按外皮计算和按中轴线计算有何区别?<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　简单来说，造价一般按钢筋外皮长度计算，而下料则按中轴线长度。如果是一根直的钢筋，那么外皮长度=中轴线长度;如果有钢筋弯折，则外皮长度>中轴线长度(钢筋弯折时外皮是被拉长，内皮内压缩，只有中轴线是不变的)。因此，用弯折后的钢筋外皮长度-中轴线长度=弯折后增加的长度。记住钢筋外皮长度≥中轴线长度<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　6.钢筋的弯钩长度怎么来的?<p style="border: none; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 25px; user-select: text !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　从施工的原理来说，要将钢筋弯折，是用一根直径D为2.5d的圆钢筋作为“支点”(比如要给直径d为10的钢筋做弯钩，选用直径D=2.5d=2.5*10=25mm的钢筋作为“支点”)。弯钩长度=弯曲长度+平直段长度。纵筋的弯钩和箍、拉筋弯钩算法是有区别的，即箍筋、拉筋的平直段长度要区分抗震和非抗争。

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建筑资源吧's Archiver

当预算员，这些钢筋知识怎么能不懂！